🌪️ Complete The Cause And Effect Transactional Conversation Given Below

Completethe cause and effect transactional conversation given below. In many cases an effect can result from many causes and the exact nature of these relationships can be difficult to determineThe following are illustrative examples of cause and effect. There are different kinds of cause and effect writings sentences and essays.

– Pada buku Bahasa Inggris kelas XI edisi revisi 2017 Chapter 6 halaman 81, materi "Cause and Effect" terdapat tugas yang perlu diselesaikan. Kita diminta untuk melengkapi percakapan mengenai dampak berolahraga bagi kesehatan dalam bahasa Inggris. Pada percakapan tersebut, kita diminta untuk menjelaskan sebab dan akibat atau cause and effect yang terjadi pada situasi tersebut. Kita juga diminta untuk menggunakan kata-kata isyarat seperti because, due to, so, therefore, the reason for, dan then. Berikut pembahasan soal tersebut untuk referensi sebelum Adjarian membuat percakapan versi kalian sendiri. Kita simak sama-sama, yuk! D. Complete the cause and effect transactional conversation given below. Use signal words like because, due to, so, therefore, the reason for, then, etc. A. This conversation between two friends is about the effects of exercise on our body. Siti Hey! Why are you wearing your sports wear? Edo I am going for exercise. Baca Juga Jawab Soal Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI Chapter 6, Let's Practice, Part B Siti Why? I have never seen you exercising before. Edo Yes, now I have to exercise regularly to maintain my health. Lately I get tired easily, when consulting a doctor one of the reasons is because I don't exercise. Siti That's right! Due to exercise regularly I feel I don't get tired easily and it's easier to focus. In addition, in the rainy season I am no longer susceptible to disease. Ed Really? I will try exercise regularly so that I get the same result as you. Let's exercise together sometime!

Mr Grocer purchased game pieces with liberal prize pay outs which were passed out with each sale. He scheduled serious price reductions in specific departments. And, he purchased massive numbers of GRPs to make sure the community knew of the discounts, the prizes, and the quality of each of his departments. Suppose that you had 50 people in a room, and asked each of them to flip a coin. Those E. Complete the transactional conversations based on suggest and offer given first one is done for youE. Complete the transactional conversations based on suggest and offer given first one is done for you

CompleteThe Cause And Effect Transactional Conversation Given Below Use Signal Words Like Brainly Co Id Penggunaan fungsi dan contohnya. Contoh soal bahasa inggris cause and effect. Pengertian struktur dan contoh cause and effect dalam bahasa inggris jika kita berbuat sesuatu maka akan ada akibat yang akan di timbulkandengan kata lain sebab

Berikut ini merupakan pembahasan kunci jawaban Buku Bahasa Inggris untuk Kelas 11 halaman 79, 80, 81 Pembahasan kali ini kita akan bahas latihan yang ada pada buku paket Bahasa Inggris Let's Practice Halaman 79, 80, 81 Buku siswa untuk Semester 1 Ganjil Kelas XI SMP/MTS. Semoga dengan adanya pembahasan kunci jawaban Pilihan Ganda PG dan juga Esaay CHAPTER 6 Cause and Effect ini, kalian bisa menjadi lebih giat untuk belajar. Kunci jawaban ini diperuntukkan untuk para pelajar yang sedang mengerjakan tugas Kurikulum 2013 K13. Kunci Jawaban Bahasa Inggris Kls 11 Hal 79, 80, 81Bahasa Inggris Kelas 11 Halaman 79, 80, 81 [Kunci Jawaban]Bahasa Inggris Kelas 11 Halaman 79, 80, 81 [Kunci Jawaban]Let's Practice Halaman 79, 80, 81A. Read the following sentences. Decide if the words in bold are the cause or the eﬀect. Write cause or eﬀect on the line. Then, underline the "signal" word or man used weapons because they needed to ﬁnd glaciers began to melt; therefore, the land bridge between Asia and North America became they wanted to learn about diﬀerent civilizations that existed, archaeologists studied man slowly started to grow food, and as a result, their lives became sister was very tired because she stayed up past Ayo PraktekA. Baca kalimat berikut. Putuskan apakah kata-kata yang dicetak tebal adalah sebab atau akibat. Tulis sebab atau akibat pada baris. Kemudian, garis bawahi kata atau frasa "sinyal".Manusia purba menggunakan senjata karena mereka perlu mencari makanan. Gletser mulai mencair; oleh karena itu, jembatan darat antara Asia dan Amerika Utara menjadi tergenang ingin mempelajari berbagai peradaban yang ada, para arkeolog mempelajari purba perlahan mulai menanam makanan, dan sebagai hasilnya, hidup mereka menjadi lebih sangat lelah karena dia begadang sampai lewat tengah MENGERJAKANUntuk mengerjakan soal di atas, kita bisa menggunakan tabel pada halaman 77 sebagai alat bantu untuk mempermudah kita dalam menentukan kalimat yang temasuk Cause atau ada 2 jenis signal words kata-kata isyarat yang harus kita ingat, karena kata ini akan menjadi tanda bahwa suatu kalimat bisa di kategorikan sebagai Cause sebab atau Effect Akibat.Jika kalian menemukan Signal Words seperti yang ada di sebelah kiri, maka bisa dipastikan kalimat setelahnya termasuk Cause SebabJika kalian menemukan Signal Words seperti yang ada di sebelah kanan, maka bisa dipastikan kalimat setelahnya termasuk Effect AkibatKUNCI JAWABANEarly man used weapons because they needed to ﬁnd food. = CAUSEThe glaciers began to melt; therefore, the land bridge between Asia and North America became ﬂooded. = EFFECTBecause they wanted to learn about diﬀerent civilizations that existed, archaeologists studied artifacts. = CAUSEEarly man slowly started to grow food, and as a result, their lives became easier. = CAUSEMy sister was very tired because she stayed up past midnight. = EFFECTPENJELASANSignal word nya adalah kata "because". Sedangkan tulis yang di cetak tebal termasuk kalimat yang menyatakan sebab CAUSESignal wordnya adalah kata "therefore". Sedangkan tulis yang di cetak tebal termasuk kalimat yang menyatakan akibat EFFECTSignal word nya adalah kata "because". Sedangkan tulis yang di cetak tebal termasuk kalimat yang menyatakan sebab CAUSESignal wordnya adalah kata "as a result". Sedangkan tulis yang di cetak tebal termasuk kalimat yang menyatakan sebab CAUSESignal wordnya adalah kata "because". Sedangkan tulis yang di cetak tebal termasuk kalimat yang menyatakan akibat EFFECTB. Read the cause, write the eﬀect, then write the complete sentence using signal words. The ﬁrst one has been done for Baca penyebabnya, tulis akibatnya, lalu tulis kalimat lengkapnya menggunakan kata-kata isyarat. Yang pertama telah dilakukan untuk Cause It was very All the ﬂights were It was very windy; therefore, all the ﬂights were Cause She ate too ...Sentence ...3. Cause I ran out of ...Sentence ...4. Cause He is afraid to ...Sentence ...5. Cause After the car JAWABAN1. Cause It was very All the ﬂights were It was very windy; therefore, all the ﬂights were Cause She ate too She got stomachacheSentence She got stomachache because he ate too Cause I ran out of I did not buy I ran out of money, so I did not buy Cause He is afraid to He has He is afraid to fly because he has Cause After the car The road was There was a car accident; therefore, the road was Penyebab Anginnya sangat Semua penerbangan Anginnya sangat kencang; oleh karena itu, semua penerbangan Penyebab Dia makan terlalu Dia sakit perutKalimat Dia sakit perut karena dia makan terlalu Penyebab Saya kehabisan Saya tidak membeli Saya kehabisan uang, jadi saya tidak membeli Penyebab Dia takut Dia menderita Dia takut terbang karena dia mengidap Penyebab Setelah kecelakaan Jalan Terjadi kecelakaan mobil; oleh karena itu, jalan yang saya garis bawahi itu adalah signal words kata-kata isyarat. Signal words tidak hanya terdiri dari because dan therefore saja. Tapi ada banyak kata yang bisa kita gunakan, diantaranyaSedangkan dibagian effect maupun sentence itu bisa kita isi terserah pakai kalimat apa saja yang penting masih berhubungan dengan kalimat pada cause yang ada. Jadi tidak harus sama persis seperti yang saya soal di atas itu tidak memiliki jawaban mutlak yang sama. Tapi jawabannya bisa menyesuaikan. Yang dinilai adalah penempatan kalimat setelah signal words di Read the sentences and ﬁnd the cause and eﬀect. The ﬁrst one has been done for Bacalah kalimat-kalimatnya dan temukan sebab dan akibatnya. Yang pertama telah dilakukan untuk milk spilled all over the ﬂoor, so Jane got a mop and cleaned it milk spilledEﬀect Jane moppedSiti has planned a trip to her uncle’s house because she loves her ...Eﬀect ...The green house gases trap the heat in the air, so the Earth becomes ...Eﬀect ...Because the Sumatran tigers were almost extinct, the Indonesian government declared them as endangered ...Eﬀect ...Animals are becoming extinct because humans are moving into their ...Eﬀect ...KUNCI JAWABANKita bisa menjawab soal di atas menggunakan 2 caraA. Pertama Menulis lengkap sesuai kalimat asliB. Kedua Menulis intinya sajaThe milk spilled all over the ﬂoor, so Jane got a mop and cleaned it milk spilledEﬀect Jane moppedSiti has planned a trip to her uncle’s house because she loves her Siti loves her cousinsEﬀect Siti has planned a trip to her uncle’s houseThe green house gases trap the heat in the air, so the Earth becomes The green house gases trap the heat in the airEﬀect The Earth becomes warmerBecause the Sumatran tigers were almost extinct, the Indonesian government declared them as endangered The Sumatran tigers were almost extinctEﬀect The Indonesian government declared them as endangered are becoming extinct because humans are moving into their Humans are moving into their habitatsEﬀect Animals are becoming extinctThe milk spilled all over the ﬂoor, so Jane got a mop and cleaned it milk spilledEﬀect Jane moppedSiti has planned a trip to her uncle’s house because she loves her Siti loves her cousinsEﬀect Siti has planned a tripThe green house gases trap the heat in the air, so the Earth becomes Green house gases trap the heatEﬀect The Earth becomes warmerBecause the Sumatran tigers were almost extinct, the Indonesian government declared them as endangered Sumatran tigers were almost extinctEﬀect They declared as endangered are becoming extinct because humans are moving into their Humans are movingEﬀect Animals are becoming extinctTERJEMAHANSusu tumpah ke seluruh lantai, jadi Jane mengambil kain pel dan susu tumpahEfek Jane mengepelSiti telah merencanakan perjalanan ke rumah pamannya karena dia mencintai Dia mencintai sepupunyaEfek Siti telah merencanakan perjalanan ke rumah pamannyaGas rumah kaca memerangkap panas di udara, sehingga bumi menjadi lebih Gas rumah kaca memerangkap panas di udaraEfek Bumi menjadi lebih hangatKarena harimau Sumatera hampir punah, pemerintah Indonesia menyatakan mereka sebagai spesies yang terancam Harimau sumatera hampir punahEfek Pemerintah Indonesia menyatakan mereka sebagai spesies yang terancam menjadi punah karena manusia pindah ke Manusia pindah ke habitatnyaEfek Hewan menjadi punahD. Complete the cause and effect transactional conversation given below. Use signal words like because, due to, so, therefore, the reason for, then, Lengkapi percakapan transaksional sebab dan akibat yang diberikan di bawah ini. Gunakan kata-kata isyarat seperti karena, oleh karena itu, oleh karena itu, maka, This conversation between two friends is about the effects of exercise on our Percakapan antara dua teman ini tentang efek olahraga pada tubuh Hey! Why are you wearing your sports wear?Edo I am going for Why? I have never seen you exercising ...Siti ...Edo ...Siti ...KUNCI JAWABANSaya akan memberikan dua contoh jawaban untuk soal di atas, kalian boleh memilih salah satu atau menjadikannya referensi untuk kalian dalam membuat dialognya Jawaban Versi 1Siti Hey! Why are you wearing your sports wear?Edo I am going for Why? I have never seen you exercising Because I want to live What happened if you didn't live healthy?Edo I will get tired and get sick Oh, I get it. So we have to do exercise to make our body healthier. In addition we will not get sick Hei! Mengapa Anda memakai pakaian olahraga Anda?Edo Saya akan Kenapa? Aku belum pernah melihatmu berolahraga Karena saya ingin hidup Apa yang terjadi jika kamu tidak hidup sehat?Edo Saya akan lelah dan mudah Oh, saya mengerti. Jadi kita harus melakukan olahraga untuk membuat tubuh kita lebih sehat. Selain itu kita tidak akan mudah Jawaban Versi 2Siti Hey! Why are you wearing your sports wear?Edo I am going for Why? I have never seen you exercising Well, it's because I want to lose my Looks like you finally heeded my advice after being pestered for a long time huh?Edo Not really, I exercise because my mother told me to do it. Anyway, I'll be going now, see you later!Siti See you!TerjemahanSiti Hei! Mengapa Anda memakai pakaian olahraga Anda?Edo Saya akan Kenapa? Aku belum pernah melihatmu berolahraga Yah, itu karena aku ingin menurunkan berat Sepertinya kamu akhirnya mengindahkan nasehatku setelah lama direcoki ya?Edo Tidak juga, saya berolahraga karena ibu saya menyuruh saya melakukannya. Bagaimanapun, aku akan pergi sekarang, sampai jumpa!Siti Sampai jumpa!D. Complete the cause and effect transactional conversation given below. Use signal words like because, due to, so, therefore, the reason for, then, Write a cause and effect conversation on forest fires in ...B ...A ...B ...A ...B ...A ...B ...Berdasarkan perintah soal di atas, kita diminta untuk membuat dialog atau obrolan antara dua orang tentang sebab akibat kebakaran hutan di Sumatera. Perlu diingat bahwa dialog yang akan kita buat, harus mengandung kata-kata isyarat tentang Cause dan Effect, misalnya menggunakan kata because, due to, so, therefore, the reason for, then, dan lain-lainKUNCI JAWABAND. Complete the cause and effect transactional conversation given below. Use signal words like because, due to, so, therefore, the reason for, then, Write a cause and effect conversation on forest fires in "I watched a news this morning. It was about a smog in Sumatra. Do you know what happened there?"B "I think it is because of forest fires"A "Do you know why did forest fires occur in Sumatra?"B "It is because of land clearing."A "It is very dangerous for animals there. Their habitat will be loss."B "Of course, because of the loss of habitat, they came to villagers to look for foods."A "That's true. Other than that, forest fire also dangerous for people, it will make them hard to breathe because too much haze."B "That's true. Since it is very dangerous, people have to wear masks when they go outside to protect themselves from the smoke of the forest fire"TERJEMAHAND. Lengkapi percakapan transaksional sebab dan akibat yang diberikan di bawah ini. Gunakan kata-kata isyarat seperti karena, karena, oleh karena itu, oleh karena itu, maka, Tuliskan percakapan sebab akibat kebakaran hutan di "Saya menonton berita pagi ini. Itu tentang kabut asap di Sumatera. Tahukah Anda apa yang terjadi di sana?"B “Saya kira karena kebakaran hutan”A "Tahukah Anda mengapa kebakaran hutan terjadi di Sumatera?"B "Itu karena pembukaan lahan."A "Itu sangat berbahaya bagi hewan di sana. Habitatnya akan hilang."B "Tentu saja, karena hilangnya habitat, mereka datang ke desa untuk mencari makanan."A “Benar. Selain itu, kebakaran hutan juga berbahaya bagi manusia, akan membuat mereka sulit bernafas karena terlalu banyak kabut asap.”B “Benar. Karena sangat berbahaya, orang harus memakai masker ketika keluar untuk melindungi diri dari asap kebakaran hutan” D Complete the cause and effect transactional conversation given below. Use signal words like because, due to, so, therefore, the reason for, then, etc. a. This conversation between two friends is email svend_frolund kannan_govindarajan Introduction We believe that web services should make their transactional properties available to other web services in an explicit and standard way. Transactional properties should be part of a service's interface rather than a hidden aspect of its backend. The transactional behavior of a service can then be exploited by other services to simplify their error-handling logic and to make entire business-to-business interactions transactional. However, such business-to-business transactions are challenging to implement because they span multiple companies and because the underlying transaction protocols execute over wide-area networks. It is fundamental for web services to communicate through conversations. A conversation is a potentially long-running sequence of interactions document exchanges between multiple web services. For example, a manufacturer may engage in a conversation with a supplier and a conversation with a shipper to carry out the activity of purchasing parts. In many situations, the backend logic triggered as part of these conversations may be transactional. For example, it may be possible to arrange for parts to be shipped, and then later cancel the shipment if the parts have not actually been sent yet. Cancelling the shipment is an example of a compensating transaction, it compensates for the initial transaction that arranged the shipment. Since the notion of conversation is fundamental to web services, the exportation of transactional properties should fit with conversations, giving rise to transactional conversations. In the Internet setting, atomicity is the most important aspect of transactions. Atomicity means that the effect of a transaction either happens entirely or not at all. We also refer to this as all-or-nothing semantics. If a service A knows that a conversation with another service B is atomic, then A can cancel the conversation and know that B will cleanly revert back to a consistent state. Furthermore, A can rely on the B's transactional behavior to ensure state consistency in the presence of failures, such as logical error conditions shipping is impossible or system-level failures the crash of a process or machine. Services should expose their transactional behavior in a manner that facilitates composition of transactions from different services. For example, it should be possible for the manufacturer to compose a transactional conversation with the supplier and a transactional conversation with a shipper into a transactional activity that includes both conversations. The advantage of creating these multi-conversation transactions is that the manufacturer gets all-or-nothing semantics for the entire end-to-end purchasing activity if shipping is not available, the order placement is cancelled. This is a very powerful notion, that we believe will significantly reduce the complexity of programming business-to-business activities between multiple web services. Composite transactions provide a notion of "clean abort" for entire business-to-business activities. Moreover, having a standard notion of transaction allows us to build generic software components that perform the transaction composition. Atomicity We discuss different ways for transactions to be atomic. As terminology, we introduce the notion of a transaction outcome, which is either commit or abort. The outcome is abort if the effect of the transaction is "nothing." The outcome is commit if the effect is "all." Two-Phase Commit and Compensation If we execute two atomic transactions, their combined effect is not necessarily atomic one transaction may abort and the other may commit, which means that the combined effect is neither all nor nothing. If we create a composite transaction from two constituent transactions, we need to ensure that either both constituent transactions commit or that both constituent transactions abort. There are two traditional ways to ensure this. One way, called two-phase commit, is based on the idea that no constituent transaction is allowed to commit unless they are all able to commit. Another way, called compensation, is based on the idea that a constituent transaction is always allowed to commit, but its effect can be cancelled after it has committed. With two-phase commit, transactions provide a control interface that allows a transaction coordinator to ensure atomicity. One incarnation of the control interface is the XA specification [3]. Essentially, the control interface provides a prepare method, an abort method, and a commit method. The coordinator calls the prepare method to determine if a transaction is able to commit. If the transaction answers "yes," then the transaction must be able to commit even if failures occur. That is, the transaction is not allowed to later change its mind. If all transactions answer "yes," the coordinator calls their commit method, otherwise the coordinator calls their abort method. With compensation, there is no additional control interface. Instead each "real" transaction has an associated compensating transaction. With compensation, a coordinator can ensure atomicity for a number of constituent transactions by executing the transactions, and if any transaction aborts, the coordinator executes the compensating transaction for all the transactions that have committed. Discussion Although both two-phase commit and compensation can provide atomicity for composite transactions there are trade-offs between the two methods. Compensation is optimistic in the sense that the coordinator only enters the picture if something bad abort happens. With two-phase commit, the coordinator enters the picture even if all transactions commit. The coordinator always calls prepare and either commit or abort for any transaction. On the other hand, two-phase commit always provides a point after which a service can forget about a transaction. Once the transaction is instructed to commit, the service can forget about the transaction. With compensation the service has to be able to compensate forever. The ability to compensate may or may not require the service to maintain persistent state. Of course, there are hybrid models where compensation is bounded by time or the occurrence of events such as receiving a notification. In practice, few systems use two-phase commit in the Internet context. One reason is that, with two-phase commit, a service exposes transaction control to other services. If a service answers "yes" in response to a prepare request, the service has to be able to commit the transaction until instructed otherwise by the coordinator which may be another service. Few services are willing to export such transaction control in a loosely-coupled system. Another reason for the limited use of two-phase commit is that composite transactions may be long running. If we want transactions to span entire business-to-business activities, we have to accept the possibility that transactions may run for a long time. With two-phase commit, a constituent transaction cannot commit until the composite transaction can commit. Thus, a fast service may be forced to wait for a slow service. If we want to support two-phase commit, we need a protocol that allows flexible designation of the coordinator role. For example, a given web service may be willing to play the role of participant in certain situations, but may insist on playing the role of coordinator in other situations. If we have a conversation definition language, such as CDL [1], we can capture this distinction through different conversations. A service can export a coordinator version and a participant version of the same logical conversation. We believe compensation is a fundamental notion of atomicity for web service, and in the remainder of this paper, we shall only consider compensation. This does not reflect a position against two-phase commit, but is merely to simplify the discussion. Isolation, Durability, and Consistency Traditional database transactions satisfy the ACID properties atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability [2]. Unlike traditional database transactions, we do not believe that transactions, in the context of conversations, should necessarily provide isolation. Isolation is concerned with controlling the concurrent execution of transactions to provide the illusion that concurrent transactions execute one after the other in some indeterminate serial order. Isolation is unnecessarily strict for Internet transactions. This is evident from many Internet sites that provide transactions without isolation. For example, sites, such as provide transactional semantics in the form of compensation cancelling an order within a given time limit and do not provide isolation. Besides being unnecessarily strict in many cases, isolation is also costly because transactions may be long running, and providing isolation for long-running transactions hampers the overall performance. To continue the comparison with database transactions, we would expect the "primitive," constituent transactions to provide durability and consistency. Durability means that transactional updates are made persistent if the transaction completes successfully. Consistency means that a transaction takes the system from one consistent state to another. The durability and consistency of constituent transactions follows from the transactional properties of the backend logic in web services. We do not believe that "composite," multi-conversation transactions should provide any global notions of durability or consistency beyond what the constituent primitive transactions provide. In other words, we do not rely on any particular notion of durability or consistency when we compose primitive transactions into composite transactions. Describing Transactional Properties We outline briefly what it may take to describe, and thus export, transactional properties of web services. The starting point for our discussion is the assumption that services communicate through explicit conversations. If a service exports a description of its conversations-the conversations it is willing to engage in-the question is how the service can specify the transactional properties of those conversations. The specification makes explicit to other services how the service is transactional. The specification should communicate the following aspects of transactions Demarcation . We need to describe which parts of a conversation are transactional. If we consider a conversation as a sequence of interactions, we need to identify the transactional sub-sequences of those interactions. At one extreme, the entire conversation may be transactional. But other possibilities may exist as well. For example, only a single interaction may be transactional, or an identified sub-sequence may be transactional. In general, a single conversation may have multiple transactional parts. Outcome. To exploit the transactional behavior of a service, we need to know the outcome commit or abort of its transactions. One way to communicate the outcome of a transactional conversation to other services is to associate a particular outcome with a particular point in the conversation. For example, a specific interaction may denote abort and another interaction may denote commit. If the conversation reaches an interaction that indicates abort, the parties of the conversation know that the outcome is abort. We need to describe which interactions indicate abort and which interactions indicate commit. Notice that we can also use document types instead of interactions to indicate the outcome of transactions. Compensation. We need to describe how transactions can be cancelled or compensated for. For example, a conversation may have a particular document that triggers compensation, or different documents may trigger compensation at different points in the conversation. To initiate compensation at a given point in a conversation, sending a compensation document must be a legal interaction at that point in the conversation, and we must be able to generate the appropriate compensation document. Notice that compensation may not be possible at any point during a transactional conversation, so we need to know both how and when compensation is possible. If a service exports a description of its conversations in the form of an XML document, we can think of the description of the transactional properties as a companion document. Requirements To conclude, we outline basic requirements for web service transactions. We want our notion of web service transaction to fit with conversations. Conversations provide the context for transactions transactions take place within conversations, and we talk about transactional conversations. The integration of conversations and transactions have consequences for the transaction model. Because conversations can be long-running, so can transactions. The transaction protocols, such as two-phase commit and compensation, involve communication between web services. These communications should be first-class members of the conversations between web services. For example, if we have a conversation definition language to describe conversations, we should use that language to describe the transaction protocols as well. We want to support compensation as part of the transaction model. With two-phase commit, transactional web services rely on an external entity, a transaction coordinator, to communicate the transaction outcome to them. Such reliance on external entities may not always be appropriate in loosely-coupled systems. Compensation does not introduce the same level of reliance on external entities. Our position is not against two-phase commit, but rather in favor of compensation two-phase commit protocols may be appropriate in certain situations. If we have a transaction model that supports both two-phase commit and compensation, we have to address the issue of "mixed-mode" transactions-transactions whose constituent transactions are based partly on two-phase commit and partly on compensation. In general, regardless of the choice of transaction model, we want to support a decentralized, peer-to-peer model for transactions. For example, we do not want to assume the existence of a centralized transaction coordinator. We do not want to prevent a centralized notion of coordinator, we simply do not want to rely on one. Notice that the notion of a transaction coordinator may be relevant for both two-phase commit and compensation. A central coordinator might make sense in conjunction with compensation. This coordinator would then gather the outcomes of the various constituent transactions and execute compensation transactions as necessary. We need to address the issue of trust between the web services that participate in a transaction. Both two-phase commit and compensation assumes that the various parties are well-behaved or trusted. For example, two-phase commit assumes that participants vote "honestly" and that they do as instructed commit or abort. Furthermore, the notion of compensation also assumes that a participant actually executes a compensating action if instructed to do so. With two-phase commit, each participant also trusts the coordinator to be in control of the protocol-the protocol is inherently asymmetric because the coordinator knows the outcome before any of the participants. Since trust is a general issue for web services, we assume that some other mechanisms are put in place to deal with trust in a general sense. In terms of transactions, we need to integrate with those general mechanisms to handle trust. It is unlikely that we can treat trust as a completely orthogonal issue to transactions. References [1] K. Govindarajan, A. Karp, H. Kuno, D. Beringer, and A. Banerji, "Conversation Definitions defining interfaces of web services," submitted to the 2001 W3C workshop on web services. [2] J. Gray and A. Reuter, "Transaction Processing concepts and techniques," Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 1993. [3] Distributed Transaction Processing The XA Specification, X/Open Snapshot, 1991. . 82 439 93 239 323 327 341 250

complete the cause and effect transactional conversation given below